A historic overview of the most significant fractal mathematic pioneers is presented, at the same time showing how the fractal patterns inspired engineers to design antennas. Fractal minkowski sw antenna the radioboard forums. Microstrip fractal antenna 1 figure 1, figure 2 and figure 3 shows the design of existing antennas 5, 1, 2. Design of a small modified minkowski fractal antenna for. It has been shown that the selfsimilarity properties of the fractal shapes can be successfully applied to the design of multiband fractal microstrip patch antennas. Design of a mems broadband microstrip patch antenna based on. Analysis of effects of height of substrate on minkowski based fractal. Minkowski and hilbert curves based hybrid fractal antenna. Sierpinski carpet, sierpinski gasket, minkowski curve and the koch. The starting geometry of the minkowski fractal antenna is the initiator square patch, and the successive iterations of fractal antenna is obtained by replacing each of the four straight sides of the starting structure with the generator with indentation as shown in the figure 3. In addition to above discussed large monopole radiators, fractal antennas including pentaband hybrid fractal mimo antenna geometry for ism application, single port minkowskisierpinski fractal antenna for dual band application and other fractal radiators for different wireless applications,,,, are also discussed. After that, a pair of dgssrr had been added to the ground plane of the antenna. Minkowski fractal curves the indentation factor is indentation depth id. The concept of fractal antenna theory is a relatively new research.
The antenna consists of a square patch with the patch width ws, the feeder to match the impedance. Therefore, fractal antenna is an auspicious area to be inspected and developed. The antenna is a dual probefed minkowski like pre fractal patch of iteration two. Kochlike curve and sierpinski gasket are synchronized in a way, comprising so called sierpinskized.
Spidershaped fractal mimo antenna for wlanwimaxwifi. This antenna has low profile, lightweight and easy to be fabricated and has successfully demonstrated wideband characteristics. A novel quadband diversity antenna for lte and wifi applications with. The conventional microstrip patch antenna has single band in which its return loss is25. Hybrid fractal microstrip patch antenna for wireless applications. Multiband fractal patch antenna has been designed using minkowski fractal. Aperturecoupled antenna, minkowski fractal antenna, particle swarm optimization, rfid. Design and analysis of miniaturized cohen minkowski patch. A design of microstrip patch antenna using hybrid fractal slot for wideband. Applying fractal minkowski shape to the square patch antenna is the first step of miniaturization, and then the fractal patch is loaded with two different shapes of csrr as a second step of miniaturization. The antenna design is simulated and optimized using. Multiband fractal antenna for wireless communication open. The purpose of this project is to design microstrip patch antenna and execute the first iteration minkowski fractal array diversity antenna in order to achieve an antenna with multiband frequency of 1.
A fractal antenna is an antenna that uses a fractal, selfsimilar design to maximize the effective length, or increase the perimeter on inside sections or the outer structure, of material that can receive or transmit electromagnetic radiation within a given total surface area or volume. Fractal antenna is an antenna which has the minkowski geometry of fractals that can generate a. An innovative approach is introduced to design modified minkowski fractal patch antenna for efficient rf energy harvesting in dual ism frequency bands for dbs applications. Abstract in this paper, we propose hybrid patch antenna which is a combination of square patch antenna and cohen minkowski fractal.
Minkowski fractal antenna design with dmssrr and dgssrr. The cst simulated results show that when minkowski fractal microstrip antenna is designed, the antenna operates with two frequency bands for return loss of19. Patch antennas made by generating an initial model generator. Design and realization of minkowski fractal antenna dual band at. The first fractal antenna is based on the koch curve geometry. The length of partial ground plane is varied to optimize the bandwidth and gain of antenna. Highgain stacked minkowski fractal patch antenna with. This property makes the fractal antenna compact and operating in multiband frequencies. Figure 5 shows the 3d view of radiation pattern in theta component of conventional microstrip patch antenna.
Computeraided design cad of microstrip antennas and arrays using fractal and. One foreseen associated problem with the antenna design for airplanes is that a single antenna supports multiple frequencies and consumes less space hence a fractal patch antenna is designed in this thesis work that has desired multiband resonance and compact profile. Minkowski and hilbert curves based hybrid fractal antenna for. Study the characteristics of an antenna fractal for instance, the return loss, vswr, input impedance and radiation pattern prove that fractal shaped antennas have multiband behaviour design a cohen minkowski monopole with ansoft hfss see chapter4 and ads see chapter5 antenna implementation comparison between simulation and developed antennas.
In 2010, anguera has designed a 3d sierpinski carpet antenna for wifi, 2g, 3g. Multiband fractal microstrip patch antenna for wireless. In this paper, two techniques are used to reduce microstrip square patch antenna. Fractal antennas for wireless communication systems. Much intensive researches have been done in recent years to develop fractal antennas.
The pattern cut is orthogonal to the plane of the loop fig. A mems broadband microstrip patch antenna based on minkowski fractal boundary is designed. The high degree of freedom the proposed design offers, makes it possible to present and analyze many antenna. Fractal antennas, broadband antennas, ultra wide band antennas. Figure b shows the results of applying the minkowski fractal operator to each side of the square patch antenna in. The proposed minkowski hilbert antenna can be used for various wireless applications such as gps 1. A design of microstrip patch antenna using hybrid fractal. Lina chen et al,minkowski fractal patch antenna for size and radar. The simulated results show that the optimized fractal antenna has less than 37 db return loss, more than 65% reduction in patch area and, more than 4 db gains.
A modified minkowski fractal geometry for multiband operation is presented in 11. A comparison of minkowski, compact multiband and microstrip. Fractal antenna fractal term was first coined by benoit mandelbrot in 1983 to classify the structure whose dimensions were not whole numbers. Design and analysis of fractal antennas for wideband applications. Dual band david fractal microstrip patch antenna for gsm. The object of the study was the antenna of fractal geometry for gps portable terminal. This paper designed a ceramic minkowski fractal antenna used in rfid system. Design of a small modified minkowski fractal antenna for passive. A rhombic patch monopole antenna with modified minkowski fractal. A rhombic patch monopole antenna with modified minkowski fractal geometry for umts, wlan, and mobile wimax application. Then, three units of dmssrr had been added to the front side of the minkowski fractal antenna.
Unlike in 11, the employment of the fractal geometry minkowski in a normal antenna design direct feed by coaxial probe was purposely to achieve multiband frequency. A small planar modified minkowski fractal antenna is designed and simulated in. It used minkowski fractal structure as the radiation patch and the high performance ceramic material to reduce the antenna size, then improve it with rectangular joint structure in the antenna s ground plate. Various structures of fractals are going to be tested in order to achieve a comparison between them. In this paper, an octagonal monopole fractal antenna for ultra wideband uwb. An air layer is designed in the antennas high resistance silicon substrate by mems technology and microstrip patch antenna with second degree iteration minkowski fractal boundary is simulated. Dec 29, 2016 i have in plan to build this simple fractal minkowski antenna for my next short wave radio. A design of microstrip patch antenna using hybrid fractal slot for. This paper presents a novel multiband fractal antenna for wireless communication.
The four sides of the square patch antenna are etched with fractal curve of different ids. The side length of the square patch antenna is half of the, since the radiation. Dual band david fractal microstrip patch antenna for gsm and. Journal of computingdesign and simulation of miniaturized. In this paper, a compact octagonal uwb fractal antenna coufa is designed. Modified minkowski fractal patch antenna for multiband gps. A highgain stacked minkowski fractal patch antenna with superstrate and hshaped aperture coupling for 60ghz communication is proposed. A small planar modified minkowski fractal antenna is designed and simulated in dual frequency bands 2.
While minkowski fractal antenna operates at dual frequency bands of 1. Design and realization of minkowski fractal antenna dual band. Minkowski fractal microstrip antenna for rfid tags. Analysis of fractal antenna was done by using the software named cst microwave studio suite 12. A rhombic patch monopole antenna with modified minkowski fractal geometry for umts, wlan, and mobile wimax application by c.
The conventional microstrip patch antenna has single band in which its return loss is. As it can be seen from figure 3 the conventional antenna operates single frequency band of 2. The cohen minkowski geometry is applied over the patch antenna to improve the performance of antenna. The design of ceramic minkowski fractal antenna scientific. While figure 6 a to b shows the radiation pattern of minkowski fractal antenna operating at frequency of 1. The proposed square patch length is l2 and dx and dy are ids along the x and yaxes. However, incorporation of fractal geometries into the antenna structures, and various aspects of their optimization, are still in the incipient stages. Research article design of a small modified minkowski fractal. Fractal patch antenna for aerospacenavigation authorstream.
This superior performance makes our technology critical to enable the future of wireless. A superstrate is added above the ground plane in order to. Fractals have self similar shapes and space filling properties. Minkowski and hilbert curves based hybrid fractal antenna for wireless applications. In the field of antenna engineering, fractal geometry is useful to design small and multiband antenna and arrays, and highdirective elements. Fractal geometry and its application to antenna designs ijeat.
The cp operation is accomplished by deploying the minkowski fractal curves. The paper presents a design of microstrip patch antenna mpa using hybrid fractal slot koch minkowski and kochkoch along with partial ground plane for wideband applications. Having never encountered a situation where a fractal antenna has been used, i decided to build up a triangle fractal antenna and test it, as i evolve it from a simple bowtie antenna through iterations to become a fractal. Our fractal antennas and metamaterials allow us to deliver the top performing wideband rf solutions on the market. Design of fractal minkowski diversity antenna for lte and.
One of the most relevant trends for wireless devices is miniaturization. Pdf design and fabrication of a flexible minkowski fractal. Design and analysis of minkowskized hybrid fractal like antenna. Fractal geometry has been proven to be useful in several disciplines. It is observed that the selfsimilar structure of minkowski like fractal geometry laterally with the basic octagonal patch shape having modified ground structure provides the uwb operating bandwidth because of the multiple resonances. This paper presents a rhombic patch monopole antenna applied with a technique of fractal geometry. The fractal antenna is developed through the iterative process for bandwidth enhancement without scarifying the gain much. A wide band miniaturized square patch antenna with kiteshape.
The minkowski like fractal geometry is combined with the octagonal structure 8 with modified ground plane. The majority of this paper will be focused upon the minkowski island fractal antennas. One of the properties of fractals geometry is that it can have an infinite length while fitting in a fin. Geometry for umts, wlan, and mobile wimax application, progress in. The proposed patch antenna is designed with a resonating frequency of 2. I say simple and yes it is simple,in fact for this antenna i will use ordinary telephone eu wire plastic isolation 0. On the performance properties of the minkowski island fractal. In this paper, an octagonal monopole fractal antenna for ultra wideband uwb applications is presented. Fractal geometries are different from euclidean geometries which have two common properties. The simulation results show that the designed antenna can operate with two different resonant frequencies at 2. The first work is started by designing a normal minkowski patch antenna. The paper on minkowski fractal antenna describes the design of three different types of fractal. To make an objective assessment of the designed antennas the network.
The superior hpbw performance of the minkowski fractal antenna over the hwd antenna is another benefit of the design. Design and performance study of modified minkowski island fractal patch antenna for various. Pdf minkowski fractal microstrip antenna for rfid tags. Minkowski fractal patch antenna is shown in figure 3. This is a valid argument, and some people love fractal antennas. Since the radiation pattern of the minkowski fractal antenna is uniform and identical to that of a traditional hwd antenna, it can be used in nearly any type of wireless communications receiver.
Performance characteristics of the minkowski curve fractal. Fractal antenna systems is a world leader in rf and electromagnetic innovation. Fractal and polar microstrip antennas and arrays for wireless. Ultra wideband octagonal fractal antenna using minkowski. A dual band hybrid fractal antenna is presented in this paper. Fractal antennas part1 see other formats nathan chip cohen, n1ir 2 ledgewood place belmont, massachusetts 02178 fractal antennas part 1 introduction and the fractal quad rt1he objective of an antenna is to efficiently radiate or receive a signal, presumably a with significant directivity and gain. As the iterations are increased the resonant frequency. A compact multiband hybrid meanderkoch fractal antenna for wlan usb dongle. Abstracta hybrid minkowskized fractallike antenna structure for wireless application.
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